CDs and DVDs and the associated equipment, although more expensive than some of the more basic instructional aid equipment, are fairly economical. Rehearsals, or dry runs, help smooth out the mechanics of using notes, visual aids, and other instructional devices. Fixed-base operators (FBOs) who offer instrument training may use personal computer based aviation training devices (PCATDs) or flight training devices (FTDs) for a portion of the instrument time a pilot needs for the instrument rating. a flight instructor demonstrates their coaching ability by. Confusion, disinterest, and uneasiness on the part of the student could happen as a result of not knowing the. As noted earlier, a PTS already has many of the elements needed to formulate performance-based objectives. It normally includes statements of objectives, descriptions of teaching aids, definitions of assessment criteria, and indications of desired outcome, A determination of objectives and standards is necessary before any important instruction can be presented. Charts, diagrams, and graphs are also in this category. If students wish to learn about a particular area, they do so by clicking the mouse on a particular portion of the screen. To be effective, an instructor utilizes people skills, subject matter expertise, management skills, and assessment skills, This chapter explores the teaching process in general terms of how to prepare, present, apply, and assess lesson material. During this research process, the instructor should also earmark reading material that appears to be especially appropriate as background material for students. Prior planning and rehearsal will help determine the important points and concepts that should be stressed, either during the presentation or as part of a summary. All instructors who use test preparation publications should stress that these materials are not designed as stand-alone learning tools. Students do not learn to weld during one shop period or to perform crosswind landings during one instructional flight. Regardless of the teaching or training delivery method used, the teaching process remains the same. The training record can be reviewed and the students training status easily assessed in case the student transfers to another school or instructor, Another example of enhanced, instructor-oriented material for pilot training is a maneuvers guide or handbook which includes the PTS as an integral part of the description of maneuvers and procedures. Research indicates that students completing cooperative learning group tasks tend to have higher test scores, higher self-esteem, improved social skills, and greater comprehension of the subjects they are studying. In addition, using sentences of different length helps, since consistent use of short sentences results in a choppy style. In some school situations, the designers of the curriculum determine the use of instructional aids. If it is a classroom presentation, the student may be asked to explain the new material. Instructors should also try to prepare students for viewing CD/DVD programs by telling them what to watch carefully, what is important or, possibly, what is incorrect. In addition, the Certificated Flight Instructor (CFI) needs to remember he or she is teaching a pilot who should: Seek proficiency in control of the aircraft. In brief, the introduction is made up of three elements: attention, motivation, and an overview of what is to be covered, The purpose of the attention element is to focus each students attention on the lesson. With this setup, the physical facility is usually referred to as a learning center or training center. Perhaps the most significant characteristic of group learning is that it continually requires active participation of the student in the learning process, In spite of its advantages, success with cooperative or group learning depends on conditions and controls. While a computer, screen, and projector may be needed for the classroom, a laptop computer may be all that is needed for the one-on-one presentation. All refer to the same thing, the behavior of the student, These objectives provide a way of stating what performance level is desired of a student before the student is allowed to progress to the next stage of instruction. Less information at first is easier to absorb, By using something the student already knows as the point of departure, the instructor can lead into new ideas and concepts. Since it has been documented that students learn more effectively when actively involved in the learning process, SBT is also used to train AMTs, The aviation instructor is the key to successful SBT and the overall learning objective in this method of training delivery is for the student to be more ready to exercise sound judgment and make good decisions. Provisions for logging training time can be incorporated so the syllabus could also serve as the training record for the student, instructor, or school. This may include important safety considerations, Select the ideas to be supported with instructional aids. A postage stamp, typed material, textbook illustrations, or a defective spark plug are representative of the items that may be projected. Keep in mind that it takes time to recall data, determine how to answer, or to think of an example, The more difficult the question, the more time the students need to answer. Such material should be well organized and based on fundamentals, Organize the main and subordinate points of the lesson in a logical sequence. For example, the specific words, "a leak in the fuel line" tell more than the general term "mechanical defect", Another way the instructor can add life to the lecture is to vary his or her tone of voice and pace of speaking. Rather, flight maneuvers are integrated into the flight training scenarios and conducted as they would occur in the real world. Instructional aids can help them do this. ), Select a topic the students can profitably discuss. A brief introductory lecture can give direction and purpose to a demonstration or prepare students for a discussion by telling them something about the subject matter to be covered, In a lecture, the instructor can present many ideas in a relatively short time. The instructor said the incident might have been a catalyst for the rule's implementation in 1981. As instructional aids, models are usually more practical than originals because they are lightweight and easy to manipulate, A mock-up is a three-dimensional or specialized type of working model made from real or synthetic materials. That may mean the instructor needs to initiate leading questions, referee if the discussions cause conflict, ensure that all students participate, and at the end summarize what has been learned, Tying the discussion method into the lecture method not only provides active student participation, it also allows students to develop higher order thinking skills (HOTS). His flight is a go, yet, 15 miles from College Airport he descends to 1,000 feet to stay below the lowering clouds and encounters rain and lowering visibility to 3 miles. By being actively engaged in discussing the lecture, students improve their recall and ability to use the information in the future, It is important for the instructor to play the part of guide, keeping the discussion focused on the subject matter. This review and wrap-up of ideas reinforces student learning and improves the retention of what has been learned. If necessary, a public address system can be used to amplify the speakers voice. While test preparation materials may be effective in preparing students for FAA tests, the danger is that students may learn to pass a given test, but fail to learn other critical information essential to safe piloting and maintenance practices. a flight instructor demonstrates their coaching ability by. [Figure 4-1]. While researching, the instructor should always be alert for ideas on the best way to tailor a lesson for a particular group of students. The real world problem forces the student to analyze, evaluate, and make decisions about the procedures required, For the flight instructor, a good scenario tells a story that begins with a reason to fly because a pilots decisions differ depending on the motivation to fly. For example, the instructor may talk about an occurrence where the knowledge in the lesson was applied. When a student is able to perform according to well-defined standards, evidence of learning is apparent. In many cases, these terms are used interchangeably, but there are important differences, A curriculum is a set of courses in an area of specialization offered by an educational institution. The data also support that when a condition occurs requiring a maneuver, the SBT participant responded quickly and more accurately than the participant trained only under the maneuver-based approach. Notes may be written legibly or typed, and they should be placed where they can be consulted easily, or held, if the instructor walks about the room. To achieve desired learning outcomes through the lecture method, an instructor needs considerable skill in speaking, As indicated in chapter 2, a students rate of retention drops off significantly after the first 10-15 minutes of a lecture and improves at the end. A curriculum for a pilot school usually includes courses for the various pilot certificates and ratings, while the curriculum for an aviation maintenance technician (AMT) addresses the subject areas described in Title 14 of the Code of Federal Regulations (14 CFR) part 147. The conclusion consists of the summary of the main points. However, use of standardized materials, including a syllabus, is recommended. [Figure 4-9], The lecture may be conducted in either a formal or an informal manner. In many cases, visual symbols and slogans can replace in-depth explanations. Usually the instructor has to interrupt the students efforts for corrections and further demonstrations. With advanced tracking features, CAL also can be used to test the students achievement, compare the results with past performance, and indicate the students weak or strong areas, For most aviation training, the computer should be thought of as a valuable instructional aidand entrusting an entire aviation training program to a computer is not practical. Learning evolves as a result of the students interactions with the game, and these games usually promote the development of critical thinking skills, Not every aviation learning objective can be delivered via this teaching method, but it should prove to be a useful tool in the instructors tool box as the number and content of educational games increase, Cooperative or group learning organizes students into small groups who can work together to maximize their own and each others learning. To learn skills, students must practice. On the other hand, CAL is a useful tool for aviation instructors. The extemporaneous presentation reflects the instructors personal enthusiasm and is more flexible than other methods. Efforts in this area pay great dividends in terms of quality of instruction. For these reasons, it is likely to hold the interest of the students, An instructor who is thoroughly prepared or who has made the presentation before can usually speak effectively without notes. In a guided discussion, the instructor guides the discussion with the goal of reinforcing a learning objective related to the lesson. When using a teaching lecture, the instructor plans and delivers an oral presentation in a manner that allows some participation by the students and helps direct them toward the desired learning outcomes, In general lectures, begin with an introduction of the topic to be discussed. The chalk or marker board is a widely used tool for instructors. In the discussion method, the instructor provides a short lecture, no more than 20 minutes in length, which gives basic knowledge to the students. Telling a story or a joke that is not related in some way to the subject distracts from the lesson. By being well prepared, an effective instructor presents and applies lesson material, and also periodically assesses how well the learner is learning. If a desired capability is to navigate from point A to point B, the objective as stated is not specific enough for all students to do it in the same way. The instructor uses decision-based training objectives to teach aviation students critical thinking skills, such as risk management and aeronautical decision-making (ADM), The desired level of learning should also be incorporated into the objectives, and these level of learning objectives may apply to one or more of the three domains of learningcognitive (knowledge), affective (attitudes, beliefs, and values), and psychomotor (physical skills). They can focus on the area they either need to study or want to study For example, a maintenance student who wants to find information on the refueling of a specific aircraft could use a CAL program to access the refueling section, and study the entire procedure. Well-designed interactive video, when properly used, is highly effective as an instructional aid. The actual training requirements are based in the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) and other publications used by designated pilot and maintenance examiners when they conduct practical tests. Manage and monitor all flight systems and electrical in-flight . nira rodeo standings 2021 10, Jun, 2022. country mart warsaw, mo weekly ad; Here, the instructor develops the subject matter in a manner that helps the students achieve the desired learning outcomes. Within seconds, what is perceived as the most important information is passed to the working or short-term memory where it is processed for possible storage in the long-term memory. Three types of problem-based instruction are discussed: scenario based, collaborative problem-solving, and case study, SBT uses a highly structured script of real-world experiences to address aviation training objectives in an operational environment. Since most aviation training is at the understanding level of learning or higher, questions should require students to grasp concepts, explain similarities and differences, and to infer cause-and-effect relationships, Planning a guided discussion is similar to planning a lecture. In addition, e-learning often seems more enjoyable than learning from a regular classroom lecture. The body of the lecture follows with a summary of the lectures main points at the end, The teaching lecture is favored by aviation instructors because it allows some active participation by the students. With a briefing, the speaker presents a concise array of facts to the listeners who normally do not expect elaboration of supporting material. By being a lifelong learner, the aviation professional remains current in both aviation and education. This handbook is a compilation of that research and is designed to help aviation instructors become experts in the field of education, Effective instructors have a sincere interest in learning and professional growth. Consequently, CDs and DVDs have replaced many of the projection-type instructional aids, For instructors, the convenience of CDs and DVDs is certainly an advantage. For example, a lecture is a convenient way to instruct large groups. Since the material projected requires no special preparation, the cost is very low. Students learn from the beginning how to perform the maneuver or procedure and also become familiar with the performance criteria. Consequently, the objective normally is stated at the understanding level of learning. This type of summary is one of the most effective tools available to the instructor. The introduction should include an attention element, a motivation element, and an overview of key points. The instructor must logically organize the material to show the relationships of the main points. In most instructional situations, the instructors explanation and demonstration activities are alternated with student performance efforts. Instructors should avoid questions that can be answered by short factual statements or yes or no responses and ask open-ended questions that are thought provoking and require more mental activity. Enhanced training materials that include these benchmarks can help aviation instructors complete, endorse, and document required training, For example, the training syllabi represent enhanced training material and contain provisions for instructor endorsements and recordkeeping. For example, a program may indicate, "That was incorrect. [Figure 4-14] The popularity of simulation games that provide players with complex situations and opportunities to learn have drawn educators into the gaming field as they seek interactive educational games that help students retain subject matter learning, The advantages of simulation/role-playing games come as the student learns new information, develops skills, connects and manipulates information. For instance, scale replicas are often very expensive. An effective instructor never stops learning. Students in these centers are often monitored by a teachers aide or other trained personnel who can provide guidance, answer questions, and act as a conduit to the instructor who is responsible for the training. Since aids are normally used in conjunction with a verbal presentation, words on the aid should be kept to a minimum. Major advantages of CAL are that students can progress at a rate which is comfortable for them and are often able to access the CAL at their own convenience, Another benefit of CAL is the test prep study guides, useful for preparation for the FAA knowledge tests. a flight instructor demonstrates their coaching ability by. Aids that involve learning a physical skill should guide students toward mastery of the skill or task specified in the lesson objective, Instructional aids have no value in the learning process if they cannot be heard or seen. It will be even more significant in the future, Computer technology continues to advance in quantum leaps, challenging traditional ways of teaching. For example, inserting conditions narrows the objective as follows: "Using sectional charts, a flight computer, and Cessna 172, navigate from point A to point B while maintaining standard hemispheric altitudes." An instructor should write performance-based objectives to fit the desired outcome of the lesson. Nor do lectures easily allow an instructor to estimate student understanding of the material covered. The student may then conduct a review of questions missed, Some of the more advanced CAL applications allow students to progress through a series of interactive segments where the presentation varies as a result of their responses. On the other hand, poorly constructed long sentences are difficult to follow and can easily become tangled. Within a single period, the instructor may unwittingly present more information than students can absorb, and the lecture method provides no accurate means of checking student progress, Many instructors find it difficult to hold the attention of all students in a lecture throughout the class period. This allows the student to make decisions that fit his or her experience level and result in positive outcomes. A game gives the learner a stake in the outcome by putting the learner into the shoes of a character (role playing) who needs to overcome a real world scenario. This research has revealed that effective instructors come in many forms, but they generally possess four essential teaching skills: people skills, subject matter expertise, management skills, and assessment skills. An experienced instructors knowledge and skill regarding methods of instruction may be compared to a maintenance technicians toolbox. Regardless of the teaching or training delivery method used, the teaching process remains the same. This usually involves the term behavioral objective, although it may be referred to as a performance, instructional, or educational objective. The give and take of the discussion method also helps students learn to evaluate ideas, concepts, and principles. Sequencing can be emphasized and made clearer by the use of contrasting colors, The effectiveness of aids and the ease of their preparation can be increased by initially planning them in rough draft form. Its versatility and effectiveness provide several advantages for most types of instruction. Even airline simulator programs require tailoring and hands-on interaction with a human instructor. If possible, the instructor should have another knowledgeable person, preferably another instructor, observe the practice sessions and act as a critic. For example, voicerecognition technology, which lets computers accept spoken rather than keyed input, is highly effective for technical training, Miniature electro-optical devices allow computer-aided information to be projected electronically on sunglass-style eye wear which is connected to a lightweight, belt mounted computer.
a flight instructor demonstrates their coaching ability by
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