life-2021-sap-nat nature #life 2021 sap env gov #life-2021-sap-nat nature #life 2021 ta pp env sip #Life Call #life programme 2021 #LIFE Program #call for proposals climate change 2021 #life 2021 strat two stage To probe the role of both solvent and substrate hydrophobicity, we used two different substrates (acetic versus undecanoic acid) and solvents (ethanol versus 2-ethylhexanol). We found that the faster the speed at which COVID-19 spread across municipalities (a lower locational Hoover Index), the larger the changes in e0 (Pearson correlation=0.724, P<0.001). For decades, mechanical recycling has been used to recover some value from waste polymers, although recycling rates are low2 and the material quality is often reduced. This compromised screening for cancer, with a reduction of about 35% in new diagnoses28. The calculation and figure codes required to reproduce the results presented in this paper are available at https://github.com/mcastrolab/Brazil-Covid19-e0-change/tree/main/code. Sonicating 2.5% and 5.0% w/v solutions of decrosslinked PAAP&G for 010min using a 20kHz sonication horn operating at full amplitude (100%) revealed rapid chain-shortening for the decrosslinked PAAP&G (Fig. We quantified the effect of COVID-19 on reversing the progress in mortality reduction since 2000 (Methods). <>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/MediaBox[ 0 0 595.32 841.92] /Contents 4 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S/StructParents 0>> <> Semin. LIFE-2021-SAP-NAT-NATURE Nature and Biodiversity LIFE-2021-SAP-NAT-GOV Nature Governance Each project application under the call must address only one of these topics. ANDS is a $120M federally funded national infrastructure innovation project to exploit Australia's research data advantage. Tobing, S. D. & Klein, A. Molecular parameters and their relation to the adhesive performance of acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesives. %PDF-1.7 Preston, S., Heuveline, P. & Guillot, M. Demography: Measuring and Modeling Population Processes (Wiley-Blackwell, 2000). Acc. and M.I.J. Sci. In late April 2021, a parliamentary commission of inquiry was launched to investigate the governments handling of the pandemic response41. Assists in troubleshooting SAP transactions; provide support to operations and maintenance. (Carl Hanser Verlag 2012). Recent efforts to sidestep this degradation using microwaves and added radical initiators led to oligomeric products with 5060% decarboxylation19. First, we estimate that COVID-19 deaths in the first 4 months of 2021 have already reduced e0 by 1.8 years, and the ultimate effect on 2021 e0 will be even greater. To compute the total persons-years lived for 2020, we added the monthly contributions. H2SO4 with heating (Fig. Via Vitaliano Brancati, 48 - 00144 Roma (I) We estimated a reduction of 1.31 years in e0 from 2019 to 2020 (Fig. July 4, 2022 life 2021 sap nat naturebritish white cattle for sale in washingtonbritish white cattle for sale in washington Life Cycle Assess. To avoid inconsistencies between life tables estimated for 2019 and 2020, we applied the same methodology to 2019. http://olheparaafome.com.br/VIGISAN_Inseguranca_alimentar.pdf (2021). Publishers note Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Soil Environ. Tang, H., Luan, Y., Yang, L. & Sun, H. A perspective on reversibility in controlled polymerization systems: recent progress and new opportunities. We did not make any corrections for the under-registration of deaths. Expected Impact : Applicants are expected to define, calculate, explain and achieve ambitious and credible impacts in terms of conservation benefit, ensuring at the same time long term sustainability and . The aim of the project is the conservation of Caretta caretta, in the western Mediterranean basin, from threats related to human disturbance in the nesting sites. (September 20, 2016). Correspondence to Adoption is complex, emotional, life-altering. Bjrn, A., Owsianiak, M., Molin, C. & Laurent, A. in Life Cycle Assessment: Theory and Practice; (eds) Hauschild, M. Z., Rosenbaum, R. K., Olsen, S. I. Rede PENSSAN. 28, 434439 (2003). Nature Governance ). Jennifer Sargent was the primary editor on this article and managed its editorial process and peer review in collaboration with the rest of the editorial team. Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA, P. Takunda Chazovachii,Michael T. Robo,E. Neil G. Marsh,Paul M. Zimmerman&Anne J. McNeil, School for Environment and Sustainability, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA, Materials Science InnovationCorporate R&D, The Procter & Gamble Co., West Chester, OH, USA, Macromolecular Science and Engineering Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA, You can also search for this author in April 2021 was the deadliest month since the pandemic began: nine capital cities reported more deaths than births, and, by 25 April, the number of COVID-19 deaths in 2021 surpassed that reported in 2020. Nmero 30 116 (Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e EstatsticaIBGE, Diretoria de Pesquisas, Coordenao de Populao e Indicadores Sociais, 2013). VIGISAN. endobj Supports production requirements as needed and performs other related duties consistent with the nature of the job as directed by the Ops Leader/Plant Leader. BMJ Open 11, e042934 (2021). Experimentally, a plateau is observed in the plot of weight-average molar mass (Mw) versus sonication time. Briefly, nonamers of polyacrylic acid were used as a model system along withbutanol Comparison of the reaction free energies was made between the first esterification and the final esterification. Also, demographic projections did not account for the pandemic context and might have overestimated population size. ACS Macro Lett. Degrad. e65 declined by a larger percentage for males than females in all states, reflecting mens higher risks of dying from COVID-19 (ref. 1b and Supplementary Table 2)5. Thus, we estimated total deaths in 2021, inclusive of COVID-19 deaths, as \({\,}_nD_x = ({\,}_nK_x - \,_nD_x^{COV})({\,}_n^ \ast M_x) + \,_nD_x^{COV}\), where \({\,}_nD_x\) is the number of deaths estimated to occur in 2021 in the age range x to x + n; \({\,}_nK_x\) is the population at risk in the age range x to x + n; \({\,}_n^ \ast M_x\) are age-specific mortality rates in the absence of COVID-19 (assumed to be 2019 mortality rates); and \({\,}_nD_x^{COV}\) is the number of confirmed COVID-19 deaths. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative. A new variant of concern (P.1, now called Gamma), which emerged in the city in November 2020, is estimated to be 1.42.2 times more transmissible than other lineages, and at least 17% of the P.1 infections in Manaus in 2021 were reinfections23,24. By submitting a comment you agree to abide by our Terms and Community Guidelines. Fig. B., Bell, J. x:y*$J*e,=x QHM`zeF i(ED'*V[Xzd;KOtI102e2P\vto\jQ| Z Palloni, A., Pinto, G. & Beltrn-Snchez, H. Two centuries of mortality decline in Latin America: from hunger to longevity. http://www.genomahcov.fiocruz.br/tabela-de-dados/ (2021). The aim of the project is the conservation of Caretta caretta, in the western Mediterranean basin, from threats related to human disturbance in the nesting sites. Picture: Matt Roberts/Getty Images. Sci. We offer five reasons as to why. and S.K. An international comparison of age and sex dependency of COVID-19 deaths in 2020: a descriptive analysis, A population-based cohort study of socio-demographic risk factors for COVID-19 deaths in Sweden, Years of life lost to COVID-19 in 81 countries, Age-Period-Cohort Analysis of HIV Mortality in China: Data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016, Disease and healthcare burden of COVID-19 in the United States, Impact of COVID-19 on older adults and role of long-term care facilities during early stages of epidemic in Italy, Global ecological analysis of COVID-19 mortality and comparison between the East and the West, Short- and medium-term impacts of strict anti-contagion policies on non-COVID-19 mortality in China, Age-specific mortality and immunity patterns of SARS-CoV-2, https://www.ibge.gov.br/en/statistics/social/population/18176-population-projection.html, https://opendatasus.saude.gov.br/nl/dataset, https://github.com/mcastrolab/Brazil-Covid19-e0-change/tree/main/data, https://github.com/mcastrolab/Brazil-Covid19-e0-change/tree/main/code, https://www.vitalstrategies.org/resources/excess-mortality-in-brazil-a-detailed-description-of-trends-in-mortality-during-the-covid-19-pandemic/, https://www.ssc.wisc.edu/cdha/latinmortality/wp-content/uploads/book_Ch2.pdf, https://biblioteca.ibge.gov.br/index.php/biblioteca-catalogo?id=297884&view=detalhes, https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.03.02.21252772, https://portal.fiocruz.br/sites/portal.fiocruz.br/files/documentos/boletim_covid_2021_extraordinario_maio.pdf, https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/jan/14/brazil-manaus-amazonas-covid-coronavirus, https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.26.21252554v1, http://www.genomahcov.fiocruz.br/tabela-de-dados/, https://virological.org/t/first-reported-cases-of-sars-cov-2-sub-lineage-b-1-617-2-in-brazil-an-outbreak-in-a-ship-and-alert-for-spread/706, https://doi.org/10.1053/j.seminoncol.2020.12.002, https://www.ipea.gov.br/portal/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=37022&Itemid=448, https://blogdoibre.fgv.br/posts/auxilio-emergencial-faz-pobreza-cair-em-plena-pandemia, http://olheparaafome.com.br/VIGISAN_Inseguranca_alimentar.pdf, https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/apr/27/brazil-begins-parliamentary-inquiry-into-bolsonaros-covid-response, Correlation between human development index and its components with COVID-19 indices: a global level ecologic study, Coronavirus disease-related in-hospital mortality: a cohort study in a private healthcare network in Brazil, The 90 plus: longevity and COVID-19 survival, Years of life lost during the Covid-19 pandemic in Sweden considering variation in life expectancy by level of geriatric care. volume12, Articlenumber:4524 (2021) Fornof, A. R. et al. As high life expectancies are predominantly in the South region and the lowest are in the North, these results suggest that COVID-19 mortality reproduced regional inequalities, reflecting the pandemics disproportionate burden among vulnerable groups5 but also spatial patterns of COVID-19 spread18. M.C.C. For each state and sex, we calculated the difference between the two life tables to estimate reductions in e0 and e65 due to COVID-19 (Supplementary Tables 1 and 2). Article 4, 28912897 (2013). We compared the gap in life expectancy between males and females in the period life tables constructed for 2019 and 2020 (Methods). In the meantime, to ensure continued support, we are displaying the site without styles The corresponding VW for each adhesive is the rectangular region bounded by these four moduli. Science 371, 288292 (2021). Super absorbent polymer recycling to pressure sensitive adhesives. To do this, we multiplied the age group-specific and sex-specific mortality rates from 2019 from each state by the corresponding projected population for March 2021. Smith, D. W. & Bradshaw, B. S. Variation in life expectancy during the twentieth century in the United States. All environmental data were gathered from experiments, literature, or the ecoinvent database (version 3.5)51, and implemented in SimaPro v. 9.0.0.4850, as described in detail within the Supporting Information (Supplementary Information pgs S36S41). La Commissione europea ha pubblicato i primi bandi del programma LIFE 2021-2027 per l' ambiente, il clima e l' energia . Because the 2021 estimates are based on deaths that occurred in only a 4-month period, the magnitudes of declines are not directly comparable with those for 2020 using the DT19 method (Supplementary Tables 5 and 6). The consequences of that death toll can be measured by e0, which indicates the average number of years a newborn would be expected to live if born in a specific year and subject to the prevailing mortality rates in that year throughout life. Records with ill-defined, unspecified or unattended deaths (codes R99 and R98) in 2020 were treated as non-COVID-19 deaths (4.9% (75,484/1,541,556)). 2 0 obj Manaus, the capital of Amazonas, observed a very high attack rate after the first wave of the pandemic in 2020 (ref. The G at each frequency describes an adhesives resistance to shear, and this term generally increases in samples with more chain entanglements (e.g., with increasing Mw). We applied standard life table relationships to complete these counterfactual life tables44. Demography 43, 647657 (2006). Use the Previous and Next buttons to navigate the slides or the slide controller buttons at the end to navigate through each slide. These results suggest that the substrate hydrophobicity also favors conversion to the ester. 63/174,000 (filed April 13, 2021). Geyer, R., Jambeck, J. R. & Law, K. L. Production, use, and fate of all plastics ever made. LIFE-2022-SAP-NAT Nature and Biodiversity - Standard Action Projects (SAP) Page contents Details Description Details Status Closed Publication date 17 May 2022 Opening date 17 May 2022 Deadline model Single-stage Deadline date 04 October 2022, 17:00 (CEST) Funding programme Programme for the Environment and Climate Action (LIFE) Department Chem. 34, 189200 (1991). Globally, there have been significant efforts towards recycling the components of diapers28. Preparation of pressure sensitive adhesives from post-consumer superabsorbent polymers. Brazils unified health system: the first 30 years and prospects for the future. Stab. Most of their feedstocks come from nonrenewable resources3. In quest of challenging role Operational excellence in specialty chemicals, pharmaceutical industry demonstrated success extremely reliable, collaborative; 16 + years associated with companies. g;"a"E^X @; 99, 99106 (2015). Further information on research design is available in the Nature Research Reporting Summary linked to this article. xCv+}jE`MGA-k8E5YYM T32 AG000037). 3a). 2 Topics under the 2021 call 1. Mechanical recycling is not feasible because the crosslinks prevent melting. We calculate three sets of estimates of life expectancy decline but argue that those based on the difference in life expectancy between 2019 and 2020, which include all reported deaths in those 2 years, are the most defensible because they do not depend on accurate classification of cause of death, determination of whether the death was directly or indirectly due to COVID-19 or assumptions about independence among causes. Andrasfay, T. & Goldman, N. Reductions in 2020 US life expectancy due to COVID-19 and the disproportionate impact on the Black and Latino populations. %PDF-1.7 21, 12181230 (2016). Projects focussing exclusively on governance are excluded from this Call topic and covered by the related Call topic LIFE-2021-SAP-NAT-GOV. Health 9, e782e792 (2021). State acronyms by region: North: AC=Acre, AP=Amap, AM=Amazonas, PA=Par, RO=Rondnia, RR=Roraima and TO=Tocantins; Northeast: AL=Alagoas, BA=Bahia, CE=Cear, MA=Maranho, PB=Paraba, PE=Pernambuco, PI=Piau, RN=Rio Grande do Norte and SE=Sergipe; Center-West: DF=Distrito Federal, GO=Gois, MT=Mato Grosso and MS=Mato Grosso do Sul; Southeast: ES=Esprito Santo, MG=Minas Gerais, RJ=Rio de Janeiro and SP=So Paulo; South: PR=Paran, RS=Rio Grande do Sul and SC=Santa Catarina. Faria, N. R. et al. Previous studies used this approach to estimate life tables in the presence of COVID-19 (refs. Chem. Chem. The ecoinvent database version 3 (part I): overview and methodology. endobj Recording of LIFE Infoday session(edition Call 2021- content valid also for call 2022) Reaction conditions for base-mediated and acid-catalyzed decrosslinking reactions with LCA comparison. In 15 states (including the entire Southeast region), this loss was higher among males (Fig. 5)49,50. Integrated Projects (all subprogrammes): 19 October 2021 - Concept Note. The data required to reproduce the results presented in this paper are available at https://github.com/mcastrolab/Brazil-Covid19-e0-change/tree/main/data. https://doi.org/10.25561/78670 (Imperial College London, 2020). 9w%?>Jb(o.IACt"`. The crosslinks were first hydrolyzed using 0.3M aq. ISSN 2041-1723 (online). Offensive waste valorisation in the UK: assessment of the potentials for absorbent hygiene product (AHP) recycling. Sodium polyacrylate-based superabsorbent materials used in disposable diapers and feminine hygiene products have been challenging to recycle through either open- or closed-loop processes. GetScriptingEngine End If If Not IsObject (connection) Then Set connection = application. Unfortunately, most used diapers sit in landfills without substantial biodegradation, or are incinerated. Together, the United States and Brazil account for 28% of the worlds death toll and 59% of the death toll in the Americas. Combined, these data indicate that open-loop recycling of the superabsorbent poly(acrylic acid) to synthesize PSAs is both energetically and environmentally favorable compared to petroleum-derived syntheses in our assessment. From these studies, we conclude that the quantitative esterification of the polymer results from the hydrophobic reaction environment created by the polymer backbone and the 2-ethylhexanol solvent. 4 0 obj The adhesive properties of the synthesized polyacrylates were evaluated using rheology and analyzed with respect to Changs viscoelastic window (VW), which classifies different adhesive types48. To the extent that correction factors are approximately equal for 2019 and 2020, our estimates are not seriously affected by missing deaths. Chem. !J8Di,t1@'l:fBHM?bG)z6PRIq\QiA#J%B,yd6:$U drJH!e+Lal#fl&|5v{@V:"`as[#!S/`GoQd&~^lsv)rp. Overall health conditions of individuals with diabetes worsened in 2020 due to reduced physical activity, postponement of medical appointments and interruption in regular drug treatment31. Expected Impact . When acetic acid was reacted with 2-ethylhexanol/water, we observed a 94% conversion. J. Chiang, C. L. Introduction to Stochastic Processes in Biostatistics (Wiley, 1968). To probe whether the hydrophobic side chains also push the equilibrium towards esterification, atomistic simulations were used (Supplementary Information pgs S27S29)46,47. Holmes, L. et al. The change in the Helmholtz free energy of esterification for these two steps (A) was found to be 0.70.1kcal/mol. & Garca, J. M. Chemical recycling of waste plastics for new materials production. After more than 195,000 lives were reported to have been lost in 2020 to COVID-19, no policy changes have appeared in 2021. Barone, M. T. U. et al. Coates, G. W. & Getzler, Y. D. Y. L. Chemical recycling to monomer for an ideal, circular polymer economy. At present, the environmental benefits of diaper recycling (including superabsorbent poly(acrylic acid) recovery) are dependent on the avoided material burdens52. Stab. JAMA 325, 808811 (2021). Barberia, L. G. & Gmez, E. J. A much higher loss was estimated for e65: 29% for both sexes in Brazil (Supplementary Table 9). This year's call for the 2021 is open to two areas and their sub-programmes: 1. endobj defined the methodology. Jan 2021- Apr 20214 months Calgary, Alberta, Canada ENCI 693 - Project Engineering Management was a industry-led course for the graduate students majoring in Project Management at the Department. Clin. What it lacks is leadership commitment to save lives. Italian Institute for Environmental 39, 2737 (2020). EUROPE FACILITY. In any recycling effort, it is essential that a life cycle assessment27 is performed to determine the energy and environmental costs. Chemically recyclable polymers: a circular economy approach to sustainability. To estimate total deaths in the presence of COVID-19, we used different methodological approaches. Google Scholar. In just the first 4 months of 2021, Brazil surpassed the number of COVID-19 deaths during all of 2020. 8,17). U.S. Patent 9,447,309 B2. Adv. Death rates from non-COVID-19 causes in 2020 likely changed between 2019 and 2020, decreasing for some causes (for example, from reduced exposure to other infections) and increasing in others (for example, from delayed or foregone healthcare or overburdening of the healthcare system). To obtain EXPERIENCE 15 years of experience in Shared Services, BPO, Finance, Business and Investment. LIFE-2021-SAP-NAT-GOV - Nature Governance - Standard Action Projects (SAP) I progetti relativi a questa call devono essere orientati verso la garanzia di conformit alla legislazione dell'UE in materia di natura e biodiversit e l'accesso alla giustizia mediante: served as a sounding board throughout the project. 15), producing the relatively small estimates of life expectancy decline. john deere quick hitch. Catal. Advancing sustainable materials management: 2017 fact sheet. conceived the research. DT19 and DT20 assess the effect of including and excluding, respectively, only deaths for which COVID-19 was listed as the underlying cause on the death certificate.
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