[21][22], Unlike some other plants, the palm tree has neither a taproot nor root hairs, but has a fibrous root system. The 2014 coral atoll origin hypothesis proposed that the coconut had dispersed in an island hopping fashion using the small, sometimes transient, coral atolls. The President, National Coconut Producers, Processors and Marketers Association of Nigeria (NACOPPMAN), Nma Okoroji, has said coconuts can help generate over $400 billion for the Nigerian economy . The meat can be eaten fresh from the coconut but the meat can also be used to make oil, milk, cream and desiccated coconut. You probably already have everything you need in your pantry, kitchen, or medicine cabinet. The shells of the coconut can also be used to create charcoal, which has a variety of industrial and domestic uses. Production is based in Southern Asia, Central and South America, Oceania and southern Africa; Asia accounts for 84 percent. [49], Coconuts can be broadly divided into two fruit types the ancestral niu kafa form with a thick-husked, angular fruit, and the niu vai form with a thin-husked, spherical fruit with a higher proportion of endosperm. These includes two specimens named "Cocos" palaeonucifera and "Cocos" binoriensis, both were dated by their authors to the MaastrichtianDanian of the early Tertiary (70 to 62 million years ago). The coconut is also an important economic resource for the production of fiber and other materials. Traditional Training of Pig-tailed Macaques as Coconut HarvestersM Bertrand; Science; Jan 1967. He explained how at Guam "they eat coconuts" ("mangiano cochi") and that the natives there also "anoint the body and the hair with coconut and beniseed oil" ("ongieno el corpo et li capili co oleo de cocho et de giongioli"). In Vanuatu, coconut palms for copra production are generally spaced 9m (30ft) apart, allowing a tree density of 100 to 160 per hectare (40 to 65 per acre). Malauhog (literally "mucus-like") refers to very young coconut meat (around 6 to 7 months old) which has a translucent appearance and a gooey texture that disintegrates easily. The coconut is a versatile and valuable crop, with a range of uses that contribute to both local and global economies. The Pacific group is the only one to display clear genetic and phenotypic indications that they were domesticated; including dwarf habit, self-pollination, and the round "niu vai" fruit morphology with larger endosperm-to-husk ratios. The meat of green coconuts is still developing, so they contain mostly water (2). He consulted the catalogue Herbarium Amboinense by Georg Eberhard Rumphius where Rumphius said that coccus was a homonym of coccum and coccus from Greek kokkos meaning "grain"[41] or "berry", but Romans identified coccus with "kermes insects"; Rumphius preferred the word cocus as a replacement. Furthermore, the exports of coconut products serve as the nation's prime foreign exchange earner. It can be reduced further to yield coconut sugar also referred to as palm sugar or jaggery. It also promotes scalp health by fighting against insect bite, lice and dandruff. [14][16][17], Coconut fruits have two distinctive forms depending on domestication. The oil cakeis used to feed cattle.and poultry. This basically turns the trunk of the tree into a ladder, though it reduces the value of coconut timber recovered from the trees and can be an entry point for infection. [49][18][61], The niu kafa form is the wild ancestral type, with thick husks to protect the seed, an angular, highly ridged shape to promote buoyancy during ocean dispersal, and a pointed base that allowed fruits to dig into the sand, preventing them from being washed away during germination on a new island. Coconut palms require warm conditions for successful growth, and are intolerant of cold weather. [114] CAPB may cause mild skin irritation,[114] but allergic reactions to CAPB are rare[115] and probably related to impurities rendered during the manufacturing process (which include amidoamine and dimethylaminopropylamine) rather than CAPB itself. The leaves also provide material for baskets that can draw well water and for roofing thatch; they can be woven into mats, cooking skewers, and kindling arrows as well. Phylogenetic evidence supports the closest relatives of Cocos being either Syagrus or Attalea, both of which are found in South America. In addition to its use as a food, the coconut is also a source of oil, which is used in cooking and in the production of a range of products, including soaps, cosmetics, and candles. It has great demand in confectionary and other good industries. The coconut industry also generates employment and supports local businesses, contributing to the overall economic development of these communities. Thailand has been raising and training pig-tailed macaques to pick coconuts for around 400years. How useful is a coconut tree Write 5 sentences? The coconut populations in the island show genetic admixture between the two subpopulations indicating that Pacific coconuts were brought by the Austronesian settlers that later interbred with the local Indo-Atlantic coconuts. (2015), however, suggests that their diversity in New Zealand indicate that they evolved endemically, rather than being introduced to the islands by long-distance dispersal. Coconuts probably originated somewhere in Indo-Malaya and are one of the most important crops of the tropics. [151][152], Coconut butter is often used to describe solidified coconut oil, but has also been adopted as an alternate name for creamed coconut, a specialty product made of coconut milk solids or pured coconut meat and oil.[117]. The fruit however was compacted in the fossilization process and it was not possible to determine if it had the diagnostic three pores that characterize members of the tribe Cocoseae. The small cylindrical embryo is embedded in the solid endosperm directly below the functional pore of the endosperm. Malakanin (literally "cooked rice-like") refers to young coconut meat (around 78 months old) which has a more opaque white appearance, a soft texture similar to cooked rice, and can still be easily scraped off the coconut shell. The fruit is adapted for ocean dispersal. Required fields are marked *. Coconut (Cocos nucifera). Early Spanish explorers called it coco, meaning "monkey face." The fresh husk of a brown coconut may serve as a dish sponge or body sponge. A hard shell encloses the insignificant embryo with its abundant endosperm, composed of both meat and liquid. Demand grew by 8 percent annually during 1993 to 2004. A 100-gram (3+12-ounce) reference serving of raw coconut flesh supplies 1,480 kilojoules (354 kilocalories) of food energy and a high amount of total fat (33 grams), especially saturated fat (89% of total fat), along with a moderate quantity of carbohydrates (15g), and protein (3g). Coconuts are distinct from other fruits because their endosperm contains a large quantity of clear liquid, called coconut water or coconut juice. However, the locations of the admixture events are limited to Madagascar and coastal east Africa, and exclude the Seychelles. [132] Coconut milk can be diluted to create coconut milk beverages. As of 2006, the U. Coconut is a crop of small and marginal farmers since 98% of about five million coconut holdings in the country are less than two hectares. However, they can be eaten anytime after seven months (1, 2). Coconut trees also are increasingly grown for decorative purposes along the coasts of the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia with the help of irrigation. The hard shells, fibrous husks and long pinnate leaves can be used as material to make a variety of products for furnishing and decoration. The importance of coconut palmoil subsequently decreased due to competition from other vegetable oils, particularly palm oil from Elaeis guineensis. ", "The Alcohol Industry of the Philippine Islands Part II: Distilled Liquors; their Consumption and Manufacture", "Dietary Fats and Cardiovascular Disease: A Presidential Advisory from the American Heart Association", "The effect of coconut oil consumption on cardiovascular risk factors (Systematic review)", "Coconut oil consumption and cardiovascular risk factors in humans", "Hans van Amsterdam: Coconut Cup with Cover (17.190.622ab) Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History The Metropolitan Museum of Art", "Remembering PT-109: A carved walking stick evokes ship commander John F. Kennedy's dramatic rescue at sea", "MO63.4852 Coconut shell paperweight with PT109 rescue message", "The chemical composition and biological properties of coconut (, "Data sheet about delta-decalactone and its properties", "Defensive tool use in a coconut-carrying octopus", "Aussie scientists find coconut-carrying octopus", "A tool-wielding octopus? Economic Role Coconut palms yield roughly 20 percent of the market's oils and fats, Just Change Trust estimates. These skilled, unpaid laborers can pick hundreds of coconuts daily. 37(9):830-5, 2004. ~The effect will be much stronger when consumed by adding ~When mask made with milk inside coconut, color tone of skin will be opened. [111], Coconut oil is increasingly used in the food industry. VCO is extracted f rom the fresh , matur e coconut kernel mechanically with or without t he use of heat. The socio-economic importance of coconut sector in Jamaica Although agriculture's contribution to Jamaica's Gross Domestic Product (GDP) has steadily declined over the past two decades (and in 2009 stood at 5.2%), this sector absorbs 20% of the country's employed labour force. Trees grow up to 30 metres (100 feet) tall and can yield up to 75 fruits per year, though fewer than 30 is more typical. De-husked coconuts are also easier for consumers to open, but have a shorter postharvest storage life of around two to three weeks at temperatures of 12 to 15C (54 to 59F) or up to 2 months at 0 to 1.5C (32.0 to 34.7F). Coconut oil is moisturizing and has been used for centuries as a hair tonic and skin care product. Severe frost is usually fatal, although they have been known to recover from temperatures of 4C (25F). It is grown in tropical and subtropical regions, with the majority of global production occurring in Asia, followed by the Pacific and the Americas. [104], In Goa, the coconut tree has been reclassified by the government as a palm (rather than a tree), enabling farmers and developers to clear land with fewer restrictions and without needing permission from the forest department before cutting a coconut tree.[105][106]. And no coconut can float over the sea faster than a balsa raft moves with the wind behind it. Nevin KG. Indo-Atlantic coconuts were also introduced into the Atlantic Ocean by Portuguese ships from their colonies in coastal India and Sri Lanka; first being introduced to coastal West Africa, then onwards into the Caribbean and the east coast of Brazil. and early germination on the palm (vivipary) was important. Coconut oil has high world demand as an ingredient in cosmetics, soaps, hair oils, body oils and in food products and has surged in popularity because of its health benefits. Nevertheless, the authors Gomez-Navarro et al. Coconut fruits float readily and have been dispersed widely by ocean currents and by humans throughout the tropics. Such an origin indicates that the coconuts were not introduced naturally, such as by sea currents. Several countries economies are based on the coconut palm. She earned her B.A. 50 % of existing coconut palms have passed their economic bearing age (60 years) and are due for replanting, around 900 million coconut seedlings are required at a value of USD$ 2.7 Billion to secure a sustainable future for the global coconut estate. [27][28] Endt & Hayward (1997) have noted their resemblance to members of the South American genus Parajubaea, rather than Cocos, and propose a South American origin. A coconut is the edible fruit of the coconut palm (Cocos nucifera), a tree of the palm family. typica) and "Dwarf" (var. Plants are intolerant of cold weather and prefer copious precipitation, as well as full sunlight. In the west coast of India, the palm is an essential component in the homestead system of farming. Few plants are as versatile as the coconut. Perera, Champa K. Bandaranayake and Hugh C. Harries. It allows toxins to be thrown out of stomach. . Its BRIX level is 16 [sugars] compared to 12 in sugarcane juice. Coconut oil is moisturizing and has been used for centuries as a hair tonic and skin care product. Though Kerala has the largest number of coconut trees, in terms of production per hectare, Tamil Nadu leads all other states. AGRI INFO - My Agriculture Information Bank, Importance, Composition and Uses of Coconut. [citation needed] They are also used in Hindu weddings as a symbol of prosperity. 3rd Floor, St Patricks Complex, Brigade Road, It is cultivated by about 11 million farmers on 12 million hectares; 80% of total production comes from Asia (Adkins et al., 2006). Its versatility and value make it an important commodity that continues to play a vital role in the economic development of many countries around the world. This page was last edited on 30 January 2023, at 13:03. [44], Coconuts have a nearly cosmopolitan distribution due to human cultivation and dispersal. Economic Role Coconut palms yield roughly 20 percent of the market's oils and fats, Just Change Trust estimates. The haustorium absorbs the solid endosperm to nourish the seedling. It is governed by a single recessive gene (there are studies to this effect) and . [70], Given that coconuts are ideally suited for inter-island group ocean dispersal, obviously some natural distribution did take place. 37(9):830-5, 2004. A hard shell encloses the embryo with its abundant endosperm, composed of both meat and liquid. Macapuno is a coconut variety with a jelly-like coconut meat. [121][122], Both Malauhog and Malakanin coconut meat of immature fruits can be eaten as is or used in salads, drinks, desserts, and pastries such as buko pie and es kelapa muda. What happens to your body if you drink coconut water everyday? While comparable to sports drinks, which can be loaded with added sugars and flavorings, coconut water is low in calories and carbs. In many parts of the world, the cultivation and sale of coconuts is a major source of income, especially for those living in rural areas. They also include fossil fruits that have been tentatively identified as modern Cocos nucifera. Coconut oil is a "functional food" that is popular in traditional medicine in Asia and used worldwide to treat a wide variety of health problems from abscesses to upset stomachs. Cocos-like fossils of fruits include "Cocos" intertrappeansis, "Cocos" pantii, and "Cocos" sahnii. Halved, drained coconuts can also be hung up as bird feeders, and after the flesh has gone, can be filled with fat in winter to attract tits. It might cause fullness or stomach upset in some people. Saturated fats can easily filter and re-circulate molecules to facilitate absorption by liver. Spraying with wettable sulfur 0.4% or with Neem-based pesticides can give some relief, but is cumbersome and labor-intensive. Coconut oil and milk are ingredients in cooking, frying, soaps and cosmetics, and foods like margarine and popcorn. Based on linguistic evidence, the absence of words for coconut in the Taiwanese Austronesian languages makes it likely that the Austronesian coconut culture developed only after Austronesians started colonizing the Philippines. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Global Coconut production yields 6 million tons in coconut oil equivalent annually and 70% is produced by Philippines, Indonesia and India, Coconut area as a % of viable arable and permanent cropland. Apart from its economic importance, the environmental and . The traditional coconut farming in these countries is an integral part of their life, culture and identity. The liquid of the nut, known as coconut water, is used in beverages. The decoration of foots is astringent and is used as mouth was and gargle. Female flower Bracteate, ebracteolate, sessile, pistillate, incomplete, trimerous, actinomorphic and hypogynous. [147][148], Coconut vinegar, made from fermented coconut water or sap, is used extensively in Southeast Asian cuisine (notably the Philippines, where it is known as sukang tuba), as well as in some cuisines of India and Sri Lanka, especially Goan cuisine. Many of the smallest coral islands in the Florida Keys are known to have abundant coconut palms sprouting from coconuts that have drifted or been deposited by ocean currents. The exocarp is the glossy outer skin, usually yellow-green to yellow-brown in color. In the Philippines, dried half shells are also used as a music instrument in a folk dance called maglalatik. China is the largest producer of watermelon, Brazil of oranges, Italy of grapes and India of bananas. A single coconut palm may yield 100 coconuts annually, and each fruit requires a year to fully ripen. In Australia, a Cocos-like fossil fruit, measuring 10cm 9.5cm (3+78in 3+34in), were recovered from the Chinchilla Sand Formation dated to the latest Pliocene or basal Pleistocene. Based on these separate introductions, coconut populations can still be divided into Pacific coconuts and Indo-Atlantic coconuts, respectively. It noted that by using these small atolls, the species could easily island-hop.
economic importance of coconut
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